The symptoms of diabetes can be divided into two categories: one category is related to metabolic disorders, especially the "three more and one less" related to high blood sugar, which are more common in type 1 diabetes, while type 2 diabetes is not very obvious or only Some manifestations; the other major category is the manifestations of various acute and chronic complications.
1. Polyuria
Typical symptoms: excessive urine output, which can reach 5,000 to 10,000 ml in 24 hours. However, in the elderly and those with kidney disease, polyuria may not be obvious.
Because blood sugar is too high and exceeds the renal glucose threshold (8.89-10.0mmol/L), the glucose filtered out by the glomerulus cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, forming osmotic diuresis. The higher the blood sugar, the more sugar is excreted in the urine, and the more urine is produced, and the 24-hour urine volume can reach 5,000 to 10,000 ml. However, the elderly and those with kidney disease have elevated renal glucose thresholds and impaired urinary glucose excretion. Polyuria may not be obvious when blood glucose is mildly or moderately elevated.
2. Drink more
Typical symptoms: Often feeling thirsty and drinking more, which will further aggravate polyuria.
Mainly due to the significant increase in plasma osmotic pressure caused by hyperglycemia, polyuria, excessive water loss, intracellular dehydration, aggravation of hyperglycemia, further significant increase in plasma osmotic pressure, stimulating the thirst center, leading to thirst and polydipsia. Polydipsia further aggravates polyuria.
3. Eat more
Typical symptoms: Hyperphagia, often feeling hungry and eating more.
The mechanism is not very clear. Most scholars tend to think that it is caused by a decrease in glucose utilization (the difference in glucose concentration in arterial and venous blood before and after entering and exiting tissue cells). When normal people are fasting, the glucose concentration difference in arteriovenous blood decreases, stimulating the feeding center and causing hunger; after eating, blood sugar rises, the concentration difference in arteriovenous blood increases (greater than 0.829mmoL/L), the feeding center is inhibited, and satiety The central nervous system is excited and the need for food disappears.
However, in diabetic patients, due to the absolute or relative lack of insulin or the insensitivity of tissues to insulin, the ability of tissues to absorb and utilize glucose is reduced. Although blood sugar is at a high level, the concentration difference of glucose in arterial and venous blood is very small, and tissue cells are actually in a "starvation state" ", thus stimulating the feeding center, causing hunger and polyphagia; in addition, the body cannot fully utilize glucose, and a large amount of glucose is excreted in the urine, so the body is actually in a state of semi-starvation, and lack of energy also causes hyperphagia.
4. Weight loss
Typical symptoms: continuous weight loss and obvious body weight loss. Weight loss can be controlled and even regained through proper treatment of diabetes.
Although the appetite and food intake of diabetic patients are normal or even increased, weight loss is mainly due to absolute or relative lack of insulin or insulin resistance. The body cannot fully utilize glucose to produce energy, resulting in increased decomposition of fat and protein, excessive consumption, and negative nitrogen balance. , weight loss gradually, and even weight loss. Once diabetes is properly treated and well controlled, weight loss can be controlled or even regained. If a diabetic patient continues to lose weight or becomes significantly thinner during treatment, it may indicate poor metabolic control or other chronic wasting diseases.
5. fatigue
Typical symptoms: general fatigue and listlessness.
It is also common in diabetic patients. Since glucose cannot be completely oxidized, that is, the body cannot fully utilize glucose and effectively release energy. At the same time, tissue loses water, electrolyte imbalance and negative nitrogen balance, etc., so they feel general weakness and listlessness.
6. Decreased vision
Typical symptoms: decreased vision and blurred vision. If blood sugar is well controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.
Many diabetic patients complain of decreased or blurred vision when they seek medical treatment in the early stages. This may be mainly caused by changes in the osmotic pressure of the lens caused by high blood sugar, resulting in changes in the refractive power of the lens. In the early stages, most of the changes are functional. Once blood sugar is well controlled, vision can return to normal quickly.
7. Complications
There are many complications of diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma, diabetic lactic acidosis, diabetic skin infection, diabetic foot, diabetic gastroparesis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic heart disease, diabetes and Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetes complicated with urinary tract infection, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy caused by diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis associated with diabetes, diabetes complicated with tuberculosis, etc.
Diabetes has many dangers and is very difficult to treat. Using the Millimeter Wave Therapy Instrument allows us to treat and control the disease at home, which is a very good and safe treatment method.
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